30 Maret 2008

Six Degrees Of Separation

Six degrees of separation (enam derajat pemisahan) adalah sebuah teori yang menyatakan bahwa sembarang dua orang di dunia ini dapat dihubungkan satu sama lain melalui (rata-rata) 6 pihak. Dengan kata lain, setiap orang di dunia ini terhubung dengan orang lainnya tanpa adanya jarak fisik. Misalkan Anda ingin menghubungkan diri Anda dengan Arnold Schwarzenegger, maka menurut teori ini, antara Anda dan Schwarzenegger terpisah hanya oleh (rata-rata) 6 orang.

Teori ini pertama kali diperkenalkan oleh Stanley Milgram, psikolog sosial dari Harvard pada tahun 1967. Teori ini berkaitan dengan fenomena Dunia Kecil. Satu contoh menarik berasal dari pengalaman ketika kita bertemu dengan orang yang tidak kita kenal. Setelah berkenalan dan berbincang-bincang beberapa saat, terkadang kita menemukan bahwa kita dengan orang yang baru kita kenal tersebut ternyata sama-sama mengenal seorang teman yang sama. Selanjutnya kita biasanya mengatakan, "...memang dunia ini kecil." Pengalaman ini membawa kita kepada apa yang disebut sebagai fenomena dunia kecil (small world phenomenon). Milgram kemudian melakukan percobaan yang ternyata berhasil menentukan bahwa rata-rata dibutuhkan 6 langkah/pihak untuk menghubungkan siapa saja di dunia ini.

Six Degrees of Separation kemudian menjadi budaya pop, pada tahun 90-an teater Broadway menampilkan pertunjukan dengan judul yang sama. Inilah yang kemudian menjadi film, yang dibintangi oleh Will Smith, Ian McKellen, dan Stockard Channing yang beredar tahun 1993 dengan menggunakan juga judul Six Degrees of Separation.

Untuk membuktikan teori ini, kita bisa mencoba menghubungkan aktris Dian Sastro Wardoyo dengan aktris Amerika peraih 2 Oscar, Jodie Foster. Di dalam industri film, kita bisa berasumsi bahwa jika aktris A dan aktris B bermain dalam film yang sama, keduanya saling mengenal, kecuali figuran. Nah Dian Sastro bermain bersama Frans Tumbuan dalam Ada apa dengan Cinta, Frans Tumbuan bermain dengan Martin Kove di film Without Mercy, Martin Kove pernah bermain bersama Charles Napier di Extreme Honor, dan Charles Napier bermain bersama Jodie Foster dalam film Silence of the Lambs. Jadi pada jaringan bintang film dunia, jarak antara Dian Sastro dan Jodie Foster adalah empat dari rata-rata enam tadi, ini jarak yang sangat dekat jika dibanding dengan ratusan ribu bintang film yang ada di antara kedua negara asal aktris-aktris tersebut.

Pembuktian dari teori Six Degrees of Separation ini juga telah pernah ditayangkan oleh Metro TV beberapa hari yang lalu, melalui tayangan dokumenter semi reality show berjudul sama. Teori ini juga dicoba-buktikan dengan aktor Kevin Bacon yang mengklaim bahwa ia telah pernah bekerja dengan semua orang di Hollywood sepanjang karirnya. Dari klaim inilah muncul permainan trivia yang bernama Six Degrees Of Kevin Bacon atau The Kevin Bacon Game. Permainan ini diikuti beberapa mahasiswa dari berbagai kampus dan college di Amerika. Inti permainannya adalah mencari hubungan semua aktor Hollywood dengan Kevin Bacon. Tahun 2007, Kevin Bacon mendirikan lembaga yang bernama Sixdegrees.org . Semua orang bisa mengikuti permainan ini untuk membuktikan teori Six Degrees of Separation melalui situs www.thekevinbacongame.com dan www.sixdegrees.org .

Jadi, siapapun di dunia ini bisa mengklaim bahwa dia bisa terhubung dengan saya, melalui (rata-rata) 6 pihak.

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